Review For Final Exam

Format of Final Exam 

• 15 questions on Guns, Germs and Steel
• 10 questions on ancient civilizations 
• 10 questions on ancient Egypt 
• 35 questions on Greece
• 20 questions on Rome 
• 10 Middle Ages / Feudalism

Guns Germ and Steel

• went Papua New Guinea (near Australia)
• was questioned why some countries/places were more developed than others 
• had a theory of geographic luck- what is able to be domesticated 
• moved beyond hunters and gathers 
• ate sago out of trees 

Ancient Civilizations 

• Sumerians- cuneiform
• prehistory- before anything was written down and recorded 
• Mesopotamia- located between the Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle East 
• Nile flowed South to North

 Ancient Greece

• Nile was the main place for the people 

Review For the Test

Today in class we went over the notes for the test and IT WAS HOLLY’S BIRTHDAY!!!! AYAYAYAYAYAAYYAYAY!!!

Feudalism-the governmental system and the relationships between landowners and warriors

feudal compact-  lord would grant a fief (property) to the knight who would then become the lord's vassal (servant)  and it was the agreement between the knights and lord in which the knight  inherits a fief and pledges allegiance to the lord

fief- the land granted to knights by the lords

vassal-was required to pay homage to his lord  (knight/servant), servant of a lord who pledges loyalty

knight- one who pledges allegiance to a lord and defends his land

homage- the gratitude a knight pays to his lord

serf- a laborer of the land

baron-were lords of larger territories who usually paid homage to a king 

peasantry- those who farmed the land of manors owned by the lord

estates- medieval society was divided into three "estates": the clergy, the nobility, and the common people

manor- usually the peasantry farmed on the land plantations known as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility (or a member of the clergy)

three-field-system- a system practiced in order to not over-use land by switching between three fields – one fall crops, one spring crop, one empty field( give it rest)

internal colonization- cultivating and settling of previously uninhabited land

suburb- the land outside the city walls

guild- a group of people who practiced a job

master- the highest ranking artisans of a practice

journeyman- the rand in a guild that gets paid to do their work but is not yet a master

apprentice- an artisan level below journeyman

masterpiece- a piece created by a journeyman approved by a master making him a master

water mill- a water powered ,ill

and yes, iron plow- were invented and water-powered grind mills helped with agriculture

start as an apprentice then move up to a journeymen then you become  a master

So today in class David and Maxwell reviewed the power point with the notes with us today. The reason why I have two posts for today is because yesterday I didn't realize it, but my posted never posted but it was saved as a draft. So  I just posted it to my blog today.

Today in class we took notes on a PowerPoint. These are some of the notes I took.

Feudalism 

• Feudalism is the governmental system and the relationships between landowners and warriors.
• warriors (knights) would pledge his allegiance to a lord, who would in turn give that knight land
• Feudal Compact- The lord would grant a fief (property) to the knight who would then become the lord's vassal (servant) 
• vassal- was required to pay homage to his lord 
• men were apprenticed to older knights before they could become a full knight himself
• when a knight died, his fief would revert to hos son though his lord would be protector of that son if he was underage or if it was a daughter  
• Barons were lords of larger territories who usually paid homage to a king 
• often a baron's army could outnumber that of a king which kept a check on the king's power
• the divine right of the king gave his power over hos vassals no matter how much land they had

Peasants of the Lord

The Manorial Estate

• medieval society wsa divided into three "estates": the clergy, the nobility, and the common people
• usually the peasantry farmed on the land plantations known as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility (or a member of the clergy)
• iron plows and water-powered grinding mills helped with agricultural production, but the yield was still miniscule nu today's standards 

After Rome Notes

Today in class we took a pop quiz. I don't really know how well I did and I think I got confused on the different barbarians. Then we started taking notes on the time after Rome, which is from 500-700.

Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe

• barbarian warlords and their families who assimilated into Roman culture became the "nobles" or aristocrats of medieval Europe
• Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands sought to conquer ans assimilate other barbarian peoples who lived beyond the frontiers and were still pagans
• the Angles and the Saxons (from Denmark northwestern Germany) invaded Britain ans assimilated the native Britons 
• Most of the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity in the seventh century
• the most powerful Germanic tribe was the Franks 
• The real power lay with the "mayors of the palace" 
• mayors of the palace - royal officials and nobles themselves

Eastern Europe

• from "Eastern Empire" to "Byzantium"
• the Eastern Roman Empire continued on while the west was now divided up by the barbarian tribes
• when the emperor Justinian came to power in 527, he decided to reunite the entire Roman Empire by re-conquering the western territories 
• Justinian succeeded for a time, but the land he re-took was soon conquered by new barbarian tribes and a massive plague depopulated much of the west  

Now a Christian Empire

• Greek Byzantine emperors saw themselves as Roman emperors and the heads of the Christian Church 
• Byzantines preserved Greco-Roman art architecture, philosophy and writing despite much of it being non- Christian
• Justinian built a massive dome Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom") in Constantinople considered to be the most glorious church on earth at the time

The End of Roman Rule Notes

Today in class we took notes. These are the notes  I took.

Diocletian

• ruled from 284-303
• he thought it was fine to persecute Christians 
• Rome needs a big army (400,000)strong
• Rome needs a big government (20,000) officials

Constantine

• ruled from 306-337
• he thought it was fine to be a Christian 
• conversion to Christianity
• 313- his Edict of Milan proclaims freedom and worship 
• built a new capital in the east - Byzantium then known as Constantinople

Struggle of the Peasants 

• country dwellers are getting bankrupted by endless tax collection 
• new farming system peasants work for elite landlords on large farms 
• peasants can avoid paying taxes but they are getting hit jsut as hard by the landlords
• paying of debt and and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work 
• foreshadowing feudalism
• feudalism-taking the empire and making it less and less an influence on their life; local rule

The Western Empire Falls Apart

• Rome's power is decreasing, which nomadic barbarians gain power
• Western Empire is too poor begin to be neglected 
• Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe
• Visigoths take over Spain and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410
• vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean 

Barbarian Tribes

• Ostrogoths (Italy)
• Franks (Gaul)
• Angles and Saxons (Britain)

End of an Era

from the beginnings...

• 500 BC - the monarchy is abolished
• 450 BC- the Twelve Tables are established

through the glory days

• 44 BC - end of the line for Julius Caesar
• 27 BC -180 BC AD - the Roman Peace (Pax Romana)

to the bitter end...

• constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbled
• barbarians deposed of Romulus Augustus without bothering to kill him 

Test Day

Today we took a test. Let's just say it wasn't the best thing Ive ever done. It looks like we are going to start our next chapter which is about Europe.