Review For Final Exam

Format of Final Exam 

• 15 questions on Guns, Germs and Steel
• 10 questions on ancient civilizations 
• 10 questions on ancient Egypt 
• 35 questions on Greece
• 20 questions on Rome 
• 10 Middle Ages / Feudalism

Guns Germ and Steel

• went Papua New Guinea (near Australia)
• was questioned why some countries/places were more developed than others 
• had a theory of geographic luck- what is able to be domesticated 
• moved beyond hunters and gathers 
• ate sago out of trees 

Ancient Civilizations 

• Sumerians- cuneiform
• prehistory- before anything was written down and recorded 
• Mesopotamia- located between the Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle East 
• Nile flowed South to North

 Ancient Greece

• Nile was the main place for the people 

Review For the Test

Today in class we went over the notes for the test and IT WAS HOLLY’S BIRTHDAY!!!! AYAYAYAYAYAAYYAYAY!!!

Feudalism-the governmental system and the relationships between landowners and warriors

feudal compact-  lord would grant a fief (property) to the knight who would then become the lord's vassal (servant)  and it was the agreement between the knights and lord in which the knight  inherits a fief and pledges allegiance to the lord

fief- the land granted to knights by the lords

vassal-was required to pay homage to his lord  (knight/servant), servant of a lord who pledges loyalty

knight- one who pledges allegiance to a lord and defends his land

homage- the gratitude a knight pays to his lord

serf- a laborer of the land

baron-were lords of larger territories who usually paid homage to a king 

peasantry- those who farmed the land of manors owned by the lord

estates- medieval society was divided into three "estates": the clergy, the nobility, and the common people

manor- usually the peasantry farmed on the land plantations known as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility (or a member of the clergy)

three-field-system- a system practiced in order to not over-use land by switching between three fields – one fall crops, one spring crop, one empty field( give it rest)

internal colonization- cultivating and settling of previously uninhabited land

suburb- the land outside the city walls

guild- a group of people who practiced a job

master- the highest ranking artisans of a practice

journeyman- the rand in a guild that gets paid to do their work but is not yet a master

apprentice- an artisan level below journeyman

masterpiece- a piece created by a journeyman approved by a master making him a master

water mill- a water powered ,ill

and yes, iron plow- were invented and water-powered grind mills helped with agriculture

start as an apprentice then move up to a journeymen then you become  a master

So today in class David and Maxwell reviewed the power point with the notes with us today. The reason why I have two posts for today is because yesterday I didn't realize it, but my posted never posted but it was saved as a draft. So  I just posted it to my blog today.

Today in class we took notes on a PowerPoint. These are some of the notes I took.

Feudalism 

• Feudalism is the governmental system and the relationships between landowners and warriors.
• warriors (knights) would pledge his allegiance to a lord, who would in turn give that knight land
• Feudal Compact- The lord would grant a fief (property) to the knight who would then become the lord's vassal (servant) 
• vassal- was required to pay homage to his lord 
• men were apprenticed to older knights before they could become a full knight himself
• when a knight died, his fief would revert to hos son though his lord would be protector of that son if he was underage or if it was a daughter  
• Barons were lords of larger territories who usually paid homage to a king 
• often a baron's army could outnumber that of a king which kept a check on the king's power
• the divine right of the king gave his power over hos vassals no matter how much land they had

Peasants of the Lord

The Manorial Estate

• medieval society wsa divided into three "estates": the clergy, the nobility, and the common people
• usually the peasantry farmed on the land plantations known as "manors" which were owned by a lord or lady of the nobility (or a member of the clergy)
• iron plows and water-powered grinding mills helped with agricultural production, but the yield was still miniscule nu today's standards 

After Rome Notes

Today in class we took a pop quiz. I don't really know how well I did and I think I got confused on the different barbarians. Then we started taking notes on the time after Rome, which is from 500-700.

Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe

• barbarian warlords and their families who assimilated into Roman culture became the "nobles" or aristocrats of medieval Europe
• Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands sought to conquer ans assimilate other barbarian peoples who lived beyond the frontiers and were still pagans
• the Angles and the Saxons (from Denmark northwestern Germany) invaded Britain ans assimilated the native Britons 
• Most of the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity in the seventh century
• the most powerful Germanic tribe was the Franks 
• The real power lay with the "mayors of the palace" 
• mayors of the palace - royal officials and nobles themselves

Eastern Europe

• from "Eastern Empire" to "Byzantium"
• the Eastern Roman Empire continued on while the west was now divided up by the barbarian tribes
• when the emperor Justinian came to power in 527, he decided to reunite the entire Roman Empire by re-conquering the western territories 
• Justinian succeeded for a time, but the land he re-took was soon conquered by new barbarian tribes and a massive plague depopulated much of the west  

Now a Christian Empire

• Greek Byzantine emperors saw themselves as Roman emperors and the heads of the Christian Church 
• Byzantines preserved Greco-Roman art architecture, philosophy and writing despite much of it being non- Christian
• Justinian built a massive dome Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom") in Constantinople considered to be the most glorious church on earth at the time

The End of Roman Rule Notes

Today in class we took notes. These are the notes  I took.

Diocletian

• ruled from 284-303
• he thought it was fine to persecute Christians 
• Rome needs a big army (400,000)strong
• Rome needs a big government (20,000) officials

Constantine

• ruled from 306-337
• he thought it was fine to be a Christian 
• conversion to Christianity
• 313- his Edict of Milan proclaims freedom and worship 
• built a new capital in the east - Byzantium then known as Constantinople

Struggle of the Peasants 

• country dwellers are getting bankrupted by endless tax collection 
• new farming system peasants work for elite landlords on large farms 
• peasants can avoid paying taxes but they are getting hit jsut as hard by the landlords
• paying of debt and and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work 
• foreshadowing feudalism
• feudalism-taking the empire and making it less and less an influence on their life; local rule

The Western Empire Falls Apart

• Rome's power is decreasing, which nomadic barbarians gain power
• Western Empire is too poor begin to be neglected 
• Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe
• Visigoths take over Spain and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410
• vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean 

Barbarian Tribes

• Ostrogoths (Italy)
• Franks (Gaul)
• Angles and Saxons (Britain)

End of an Era

from the beginnings...

• 500 BC - the monarchy is abolished
• 450 BC- the Twelve Tables are established

through the glory days

• 44 BC - end of the line for Julius Caesar
• 27 BC -180 BC AD - the Roman Peace (Pax Romana)

to the bitter end...

• constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbled
• barbarians deposed of Romulus Augustus without bothering to kill him 

Test Day

Today we took a test. Let's just say it wasn't the best thing Ive ever done. It looks like we are going to start our next chapter which is about Europe.

Test Questions

Questions For the Test:

What did Constantine do for the Roman Republic?

• he outlawed persecution of Christians

When did the Pax Romana begin?

• 27 BC- lasted 207 years

Who took over after Augustus and what was his relationship with him?

• Tiberius and he was his step son

What revelation did Constantine see?

• when he saw the cross in a vision 
• occurred on Milvian Bridge and he saw the cross that said "Conquer With This"

what god were the Christians forced to sacrifice to?

• Jupiter

Who lit the fire in the Imperial Palace?

• they didn't know but they blamed the Christians 

What were three to five problems in the Roman Empire?

• epidemic Disease 
• they couldn't defend the frontier against the barbarians 
• emperors began to lose the hold in power

Who did Christianity appeal to?

• poor people because it gave them a second chance in life 
• other religions claim only to be open to the rich because they were "higher"

Constantine declared the Edict of Milan

The Diocletian Persucution

Kelley and Grace taught class today and here are the notes we got from their blogs. The Diocletian persecution was the last major persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. In the 250's laws were passed against christian citizens. In 260 Gallineus issued an edict that regarded tolerance towards Christians resulting in peace for many years. Later, Diocletian began to persecute Christians after being urged by Galerius . the great persecution lasted form 303 to 311. Diocletian's goal was to wipe out the church. He thought they were causing a fire and wanted to end it. They were told by him to offer sacrifices to Jupiter. h was trying to convert them back to paganism. Some of the edicts he issued were:  1.) commanding that the churches Should be razed to the ground, the Scriptures destroyed by fire, those who held positions of honor degraded, and the household servants, if they persisted in the Christian profession, be deprived of their liberty. 2.) if they would sacrifice, but that those who refused should be tormented with countless tortures; 3.) all the people throughout the city should sacrifice and pour out libations to the idols. 4.)all the people should offer sacrifice and that the that the rulers of the city should see to this diligently and zealously. These were the main edicts that affected the Christians. Later, Constantine restored the Christians faith and rebuilt their churches.In the third century AD: epidemic disease spreads throughout the Empire, it’s too hard to defend frontier against the barbarians, emperors began to lose their hold in power (stayed in power for an average of two and a half years, due to wars or assignations), maintaining armies is expensive, too many poverty-stricken citizens.

Constantine had a vision of a cross above the sun saying, "Conquer by this" and this was the reason him became a Christian. He mother was a Christian. 

284 AD- Diocletian’s reforms: increases the size of army to 400,000 (1/3 bigger than during Augustus’s time, recruited from the ranks of the barbarians), divided Roman territories into smaller provinces (this new government had 20,000 officials (10x bigger), they were more dedicated at collecting higher taxes-this greater yield provided for a larger army).

300 AD: 60 million people in the Roman empire, several million are Christians, Christianity has quite an appeal to the poor and disenfranchised, more Christians means more face to face contactsmeaning more conversions leading to more offspring, some Christians are even gaining positions of power becoming the ruling elite.

Diocletian left Christians alone at first (ruled from 284-305), he undertook the most systematic persecution of all, Constantine ruled at emperor 306-337

edict- an official law

Sick Day

Yesterday I was not in class because I was sick.

Christianity in the Pax Romana

Today in class, we went over our tests. I actually did a lot better than I thought. I got a 90!! I was pretty shocked and happy considering I had no idea we had a test. Kelley had to call her mom because her ride went home sick so she called her on the phone. She asked if she could go to Rita's and I think her mom said yes. So I guess she's going to Rita's. Then we began our notes on Christianity in the Pax Romana. Christianity was a new religion in the empire. It all began with Jesus. Most of what we know comes from the Gospels. The Gospels are Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and it means "good news."Jesus was a Jewish itinerant preacher in Judea. He set himself apart from other "Messiahs." Jesus taught that one must strive for perfection because God was perfect. He sought out the imperfect society. His followers believed he was Messiah and that he came to end the world and bring the truly faithful into the Kingdom of God. Jesus was deemed as a threat to Roman Rule and was crucified. His followers believed that he rose from the dead and ascended to heaven. They then attempted to spread the word of his teachings and were known as the apostles. Paul was a Jew who became a follower of Jesus after a miraculous vision on the road to Damascus. He talked of "predestination" which meant that God chose who was to be saved and who was to be damned. He was well-traveled and helped find churches in many places. he also kept in touch with new Christians by writing letters (Corinth, Thessalonia, Rome, and Ephesus.)

Test Day

Today in class, we turned in our 500 word essays. Mr. Schick wasn't so happy because our titles weren't "creative." Then we took a test. I didn't know about the test. I don't think anyone knew about the test. I don't think I did terrible but I know I could have done a lot better if I studied. Then we quietly read the next section in our book.

Extra Notes

In class on Friday, we got our assignment to write a 500 word essay on Pax Romana. We worked on that for the entire class. I found some extra notes that I needed to add from the powerpoint a few days ago. Here are the notes. While in the triumvirate, Pompey got jealous of Caesar and the Senate was getting worried that he gained too much power. The Senate told Caesar to disband his army before returning to Rome for the war. Caesar decides to ignore them, cross the Rubicon and make a grand entrance. This causes a near civil war between Caesar's forces and Pompey's troops. Pompey  was defeated in Greece and killed in Egypt. In 46 BC Caesar returns to Rome in triumph and is known as the "Father of the Fatherland." He had himself appointed tribune, supreme pontiff, consul, and dictator for life. Some of these at the same time. Caesar resettled war veterans and farmland in Italy and in provinces, extended Roman citizenship for provinces. After Caesar was murdered, Mark Antony and Octavian rallied up JC's troops and formed a triumvirate with Lepidus. Mark Antony and Octavian battle each other then join forces against Caesar's assassins then became enemies again. Antony had a love affair with Cleopatra who was the ruler of Egypt. This was unpopular in Rome.

The Overthrow of Rome Part 1

Today in class we went over a powerpoint and took notes on it. Here are some of the notes that I took. People were losing their farms after returning back from war. the War profiteers traded in slaves, weapons, and often abandoned farms to create large plantations. These plantations are called latifundia. War profiteers used up their wealth to buy up ruined farms. This merged small plots into large estates. The displaced farmers could not compete with the low cost of hiring slaves (Carthage). In 150 BC 1/3 of the population of Rome were slaves. The Gracchi Brothers attempted to carve out special rights for the poor which made them enemies with the Senate. They wanted to resettle many of the city'd poor on small farms and provide welfare for those who stayed in Rome. This would raise the number of independent, self sufficient farmers and would reduce the gap between rich and poor. Tiberius' term as tribune ran out because they can only serve for one year. He tried to get re-elected and this enraged the Senate who had now become his enemies. The Senate/Mob they created killed Tiberius and over 300 of his supporters. Gauis was also killed by the Senate. Julius Caesar was an excellent speaker, good general, very intelligent, and knew how to make friends. He took Pompey and Crassus and they formed a triumvirate. Pompey was a general and Crassus was the riches man in the Rome ( and in history). Julius Caesar was named proconsul of Gaul and he conquered a lot of Western Europe including parts of Germany and Britain. Pompey got jealous of Caesar and the Senate was become worried about Julius Caesar. The Senate told him to disband his army before he returned Rome. Caesar decides to ignore them and cross the Rubicon and make a grand heroic entrance. This near causes a civil war between Caesar's forces and Pompey's troops. Pompey was defeated in Greece and was killed in Egypt after being taken hostage.

Tiberius TV Series

Today in class we watched a a tv series that is on Tiberius Graccherius. It is on the BBC. It starts off by showing how his father died. His father was a very honorable man who the people loved. Then it goes into his later life where it shows some of the battles he fought and won. Tiberius had a good shot to become a powerful leader but when he took the side of the poor, the Aristrocats fired back.

Test Day

today we took a quest also known as a tiz. I think I did pretty good on it.

Today in class we watched the chariot scene from the movie Ben Hurr. It was a scene from a movie that was filmed in the 1950's. This made it very exciting because the race actually happened. The actors were not in front of a green screen or anything. We also finished talking about the rap and taking notes on it. Hannibal brought Rome to the foot of defeat. It was a great idea that he had. Rome was fighting as the home team in the first Punic War. Carthage attacked Rome. The Phoenicians had mercenaries as their soldiers. Rome won the first Punic War.

Rome Rap Notes Part 2

Today in class, my group shared our YouTube video thingy and so did Alex's group, Holly's, and Maxwell's. Then, we took notes on the rap that Mr. Schick wrote. Here are some more notes. Hannibal was a Carthagian general, who assembled troops in the Second Punic War and attacked Rome from the North. Rome won the Second Punic War and they were now 2-0. At the Third Punic War, Rome attacked Carthage and completely destroyed it. 1/3 of the population of Rome are slaves. A latifundia is a huge estate also known as a farm. After people couldn't cope and lost their land, they decided to move to Rome. The Gracchus Brothers tried to reform the government. They had an idea to talk to the rich and try and get them to give back to the soldiers who fought in the war and lost a lot of things. They said no and when things started to get some traction, they killed one of the brothers. This almost started a civil war.

Rome Rap Notes

Today in class we went over some notes after Holly presented her video. Here are some of the notes. They drained out a swamp to form the city of Rome. They did the same thing while building the city of Washington D.C. Tarquin's son raped a woman, who had a good reputation, got away with it and Lucretia shortly after committed suicide. Tarquin was then ran out of town and was Rome's last monarch. There were three governments that formed into one. Combinations of Democracy, Aristocracy, and plus monarchy. This was not a tyrant rather a Republic. Aristocracy was the like the Senate, with rich and powerful patricians. Monarchy where they have two consuls that could veto each other and could only serve for one year every 10 years. They worked with the Senate and had most of the power. They took all their laws and carved them onto a stone and posted them in town. This was called the twelve tables. The century was a group of eighty soldiers that were mobile. The cavalry was soldiers who fought on horseback. Three Punic wars were all fought between Carthage and Rome. They both claimed Sicily and Rome started a war and won.

Today in class we continued to work on our YouTube videos that we are creating on the rap song that Mr. Schick performed for us. Our group of me, Kelley and Grace are almost done our video. We had a substitute. Our sub was Sister Marge. She was pretty chill and she let me leave class early and get a head start in beating the traffic in the hallway with my leg. She also rode the elevator up to the third floor with and it was fun.

Today in class we could not get internet at the beginning of class. This made things complicated because we had to do an activity involving the internet. We had to wait unto we got internet before we began our assignment. We broke up into our groups are while we were waiting we talked about our plan for the assignment. In my group is Grace and Kelley. We finally got internet were able to start our project.

Additional Notes on Chapter 6

Today in West Civ Mr. Schick and Martha rapped for us. The rap was on Julius Caesar. After that we went over the notes from chapter six. We learned about consuls who were two Roman senators that made crucial decisions on military or government problems. They had two people so that one person didn't gain too much power and they could veto each other. They also limited there time to one year to control the power. If there was an emergency, they had a dictator but he was only in complete charge for one year. Plebeians didn't really have a voice in the law. The Twelve Tables were a set of laws that were written down and posted that have all the laws of the Land. They plebeians eventually got their own assembly where they had a voice.

Track Meet

Today  I wasn't in class because I had to leave early for a track meet.

Notes on Chapter 6

patricians- Upper-class citizens who belonged to the oldest and noblest Roman families

Republic- the system of city-state government in which decision-making power was shared between the Senate and assemblies of male citizens

plebeians- the Roman common people including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians

Senate- in ancient Rome, a government assembly appointed by the king, and under the Republic by the consuls; originally all members were patricians, but in time wealthy plebeians appointed as well

consuls- in the Roman Republic, two senators who led the government and military for one-year terms and appointed their own successors

dictator- in the Roman Republic, a single leader with full decision-making powers appointed for a maximum six-month term during times of emergency

tribunes- magistrates elected by the plebeians who eventually gained the power to initiate and veto laws

client- a person who provides person services in return for money and protection from a patron

patron- a wealthy person who supports others with money and protection in exchange for personal services

 pontiff- in ancient Rome, one of Republic's leading priests

paterfamilias- the "family father" in ancient Rome, who had unlimited power over his household

matron-title of honor given to a married woman in ancient Rome

Power Point Notes on Alexander the Great

Notes on Alexander the Great

Parenthood

·        King Phillip II

Ø Alexander’s father

Ø Born in Pella Macedonia

Ø While held hostage learned military background

Ø King of Macedonia from 359 BC-336 BC

·        Olympias

Ø Most political impact was when she ordered Eurydice to kill Phillip III to ensure that Alexander would become king

Ø Originally the princess

Ø Had an arranged marriage

Ø Name was Myrtle then was named Olympias after King Phillip’s horse won at the Olympic Games

Ø Claimed that Alexander was the son of Zeus

Early Years

·        Born in Pella of Macedonia on September 20, 350BC

·        Resented his father because of his absence

·        Mother was a powerful role model

·        Buchephalus

Ø 344BC dealer from Thessalia offered a black horse to King Phillip

Ø Animal seemed unable to tame

Ø Phillip wasn’t interested

Ø Alexander wanted to tame it

Ø Noticed that the horse was afraid of his shadow

Ø Phillip was proud

Ø Alexander has this horse for the rest of its life until it died in battle

·        Education

Ø Tutored by Leonidas

Ø Leonidas- taught math, horsemanship, and archery

Ø Rebellious student and had relentless attention

Ø  Also tutored by Lysimachus-used roll play to teach Alexander

Ø 346BC tutored by Aristotle at the Temple

Phillip’s Death: Alexander Rises to Power

·        Phillip’s Assassination

Ø 336BC was killed in Aegea

Ø Assassinated by one of his body guards who was paid off by the Persians

·        Family Relations

Ø Tension in the family

Ø Phillip was married to Cleopatra

Ø At wedding, the uncle told Phillip that Alexander was not fit to be kin

Ø Alexander found out was very angry

·        Alexander Gets Power

Ø Nobody respected him in power

Ø 20 years old when took the role of king

Ø Some plotted to overthrow him and he found out so he executed them to show that people couldn’t mess with him

Military Career

Ø Fought with the Persians

Ø Alexander battled the Persians because they were involved in his father’s death

Ø Battle of Grancius (victory)

Ø Siege of Halicarnassus 334BC

·        Conquering Egypt

Ø Strong hold at Gaza

Ø Lots of trade

Ø Batis refused to give

Ø Fourth assault they took over

Ø Alexander got a shoulder wound

Ø Men were killed, women and children were sold into slavery

Ø Batis was killed by Achilles treatment

·        Invasion of India

Ø Alexander marched into India in 327BC

Ø Invaded Punjab

Ø 326BC forces met the Indians at Porus

Ø India fought with Elephants

Ø Alexander’s horse died in this battle

Ø Named a city after his horse

Ø Won the battle and captured Porus

·        Revolt of the Army

Ø After hearing of a strong army the Macedonians revolted

Ø News came that the Indians had elephants

Ø They wanted to see their family and homeland

Ø General Coenus talked to Alexander who eventually let them go home

Ø Traveled south down the Hydaspes and Indus Rivers

Ø Fought with the Malli Indian Tribe- most warlike

Ø Alexander was seriously injured in this battle

Ø By the time they got home thousands had died from heat  and exhaustion

Ø Started with 34,000 people

Death

·        Either June 10, 323BC or June 11, 323BC (32 years-old)

·        Theory was that he drank poisonous wine

·        Died in the palace Nebuchadnezzar II in Babylon

·        Government

Ø Conquered many lands

Ø Hos empire was the largest state in its time

Ø After his death it remained under Macedonian Rule for 200-300 years

Ø Hellenization purpose- to spread Greek language, culture, and population into the Persian Empire

Ø Hellenistic was Athenian

Last Assignment of the Quarter

Today in class we were assigned a new assignment. In groups of either two or three we are to create a powerpoint. It is based on Alexander the Great. In my group is Mikenzhie and Hayden. We are doing a powerpoint covering facts on his parents and where they came from. We have to have this finished by Friday because we don't have class tomorrow. This is the last grade that's going on 3rd quarter.

Today in class, sadly we didn't get our tests back but that's okay because I know there are a lot of people who haven't taken it. I know i got a 100 on it though which is good! I thought I did good on the test but I didn't think I did that well. Well today in class we talked about Alexander the Great and how great he was. We also read the introduction for the next chapter.

Peloponnesian War

Hellenistic- the leading international culture but their way of life was influenced by the peoples they ruled

In 359 BC, a new leader rose to power and took over Macedonia. This man was King Phillip 2. King Philip immediately wanted to take control of Greece because this would merge Greece and Macedonia into one united threat against Persia. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War in 431BC-404BC, during the time of Pericles reign, because Sparta decided to drop out of all the fighting after the second Persian War. Athens then turned to the Aegean coast for help. The Aegean coast was able to provide money for Athens to have triremes.  Triremes were the best and most advanced weapon.  Their alliance then broke when Anatolia got their independence from Persia and Athens still demanded that they pay money. This did not make them very happy and they decided to turn to Sparta to be an ally in their attack against Athens. Athens had a very strong navy. This meant that they were able to protect all their sea routes providing them with access to grain and attack Sparta and company. However, Athens held out as long as they could but eventually were defeated and forced to give up their possessions, defenses, and become allies with Sparta.

Extras For Test

Important Dates:

1600-1200 BC- Mycenaean Civilization 

1150-750 BC-Dark Ages

776 BC- origin of the Olympics

750-700 BC-approximate time Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

508 BC- Isagorous (tyrant) was in charge and they stood up against him

490- 471 BC- the battle marathon in the first invasion of Greece; King Darius attacks Athens

480 BC-the Straits of Salamis (trapped Persia in the sea)

461-429 BC- the age of Pericles 

447- 438 BC- the time it took them to build the Parthenon

431-404BC- Peloponesian War

336 BC- the Lyceum was the school that Plato founded of his own 

I missed some notes while I was absent so I got these from Grace:

• reading/writing was rare
• life expectancy was 15 years
• 3/4 of Athens was mountains= lots of water travel
• impossible for a single ruler to rule all of Greece- formed many city states
• Spartan men were raised to be part of the military
• Red cloaks were used to blend in blood
• Olives were good resources- olive oil was good for trade
• Eastern Mediterrean was the best place for trading
• pottery people were at the bottom of society
• 776 BC: first olympics
• Olympics: anyone could compete for greatness
• Ostracize: being banned from Athens
• White pebble meant yes, black meant no
• Gathered at the agora every nine days to vote on things
• Greeks: freedom; Persia: obidence
• Triemes were the best/most advanced weapon

• Pisitratus needed allies to remain in power over Athens for generations- went to the common people for help
• Pisitratus reduced taxes and introduced loan
• Pisitratus increased prosperity
• 527 BC: Pisistratus died- Hippyass took over (son)

• Hippyass was a tyrant who became paranoid after his brother was murdered
• Hippyass was overthrown and banished from Athens

• 570 BC: Cleisthehes was born, aristocrat
• Cleisthehes was inspired by ancient stories & myths
• 510BC: Cleithehes took over power
• Cleithehes took over power again after Isagoris surrendors- allowed the people to control the government
• Cleithehes had an agora built so there could be a place where people could vote

• Themistocles didn't have a typical aristocrat childhood. 
• Themistocles learned leadership by going to the voting meetings
• Themistocles was one of the greatest Athenian leaders 
• Themistocles warned Athens that Persia might be coming back again, stronger than before 

• 6th century BC: aristocrats controlled Athens
• 508 BC: Athens had a revolution after Isagoris took power. Isagoris surrendered. FIRST TIME IN RECORDED HISTORY THERE WAS A REVOLT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. Athens turned to Cleithehes for help.
• 490 BC: Phildephies ran to warn Athens the Persians were coming. He then ran to Sparta to ask for them to help defeat Persia- Sparta declined. He ran 140 miles in two days

• Persian Empire had the strongest army
• Draius (tyrant) was the king to the Persians aka "The Great King"
• People had to cover there mouth when they came in Draius presence

• SPARTA vs. ATHENS 
• ISAGORIS vs. CLEISTHEHES (for power of Athens): Isagoris got help from Sparta to defeat Cleisthehes. Cleisthehes left Athens & Isagoris took over
• PERSIA vs. ATHENS: Athens was outnumbered 2-1. Heploits were the trained Athenian army. Many ordinary people from Athens helped to come fight. ATHENS WON because Athens had more will to fight because they were fighting for their country while the Persian Army (20,000 people) was fighting because they were told too. 

Movie on Greeks Part 6

   Today in Mr. Schick’s West Civ class, we continued to watch the movie on the Greeks. Today we learned that Themistocles was the savior of the city of Athens and he recognized that the Persian Empire may try again to attack them and they may not be so lucky this time. In the straits of Salamas, Athens was able to trap Persia. A delian is a bunch of city-states.  Achilles had a fatal flaw. When he was younger, he was dipped into something that would prevent him from getting hurt. Every part of his body was dipped into it except his heal. Later in life, he got stabbed right in that heal that had not been dipped in. This was his fatal flaw. The Greeks began the idea of “gods.” Phales wrote the first book about navigation. Socrates believed that the unexamined life was not worth living. The plague killed nearly 1/3 of Athens and Pareclees died from the plague in 429 BC. 

Movie on Greeks Part 5

Today in Mr. Schick’s West Civ class, we kept on watching the movie on the Greeks. We are at the part in the movie where it tells us about how Persian Empire in the early 5^th century. It was the most powerful and it stretched from India in the east and in Turkey in the west. There was a Persian tyranny, who was King Darius and was known as the great one. People had to cover their mouths when speaking to him because if they did not it would pollute the air he was breathing. One difference between the Greeks and Persians was that the Greeks had slaves and the Persians did not. Athenians were more about freedom and the Persians were more about obedience and discipline. Athens standing army was called Helots. Athens was able to beat the Persians and the Democracy held out. The Persian armed men were mercenaries. No one thought that Athens could win.

Movie on Greeks Part 4

Today in Mr. Schick's West Civ class we continued to watch the movie on Greeks. Mr. Schick wasn't here on Friday like me so we kind of needed to get caught up on where we left. I went on the Honors English field trip to Washington D.C. and Mr. Schick chaperoned Senior Retreat. This is the last notes I had before I was absent.  Cleisthenes established the first form of voting. He had the people of Athens place white pebbles in if they wanted it to pass and black pebbles if they wanted to pass on it. An agora was established so that someone could just stand up on something and say what their opinion was. In 490 B.C., Phidipitee’s quest for survival began. He was running away from Persian rule and ran 140 miles in two days. Only to be turned down by the Spartans and failed the mission. 

Movie on Greeks Part 3

Today in Mr. West Civ class, we continued to watch the movie on Greeks. We came to the part in the video where they talk about how the Olympics came about. On Mount Olympus in 776 B.C. were the first Olympics. A couple years later, anyone could participate in the Olympics. Isagorous was competing against Cleisthenes in the Olympics. He knew this was going to be hard so he went to the Spartans for help on defeating him and then he could take over Athens. He was able to defeat Cleisthenes so he had to take everything and everyone and leave Athens. He was ostracized, which means that they threw him out of the town. Now Isagorous was in charge with the Spartans. The commoners in 508 B.C. staged a revolution against Isagorous and the Spartans, who were forced to surrender. This was the first recorded revolution. After this, they turned back to Cleisthenes. 

Greek Movie Part 2

Today in Mr. Schick’s West Civ class we continued to watch the movie about the Greeks and their early civilization. We came to the part in the movie where they talk about tyrants. A tyrant occurs when one ruler seizes total control. We also were introduced to a new character named Pisistratus. While in control, he reduced taxes and introduced free loans to people of Athens. It was known that the city of Athens produced the absolute best olives. We also learned in the movie a little bit about the Red Light District. This was the place where the prostitutes worked. Pottery makers were at the bottom of the social status. Pisistratus died in 527 B.C. and then his son Hippias took over rule. Hippias’ brother got murdered which caused Hippias to be paranoid because he thought he was next. He was then drove out of rule by Cleisthenes who took over Athens. 

Movie on Greeks

Today in Mr. Schick’s West Civ class, we watched a movie about the Greeks. In the movies was a man named Socrates. We learned a lot about Socrates in last semester’s Human Geo class. He was an ugly man. In 508 BC, pandemonium erupted in Athens. There was a man named Cleisthenes, who was brought up to be a ruler. He saw that these people that he ruled over should have freedom and the chance to choose their leader. Cleisthenes was born in 570 BC. Also in the movie was a term called an aristocrat. An aristocrat is a rich landowner. In ancient Greece, reading and writing was a rare skill to have.  ¾ of Greece is mountainous which forced the Greeks to travel by water and limited their agriculture. It is impossible for a single ruler to rule all of Greece. This formed city-states. Spartan men were raised to be military men. These men spent most of their time in the barracks. The barracks are military housing. They wore red cloaks to blend in with blood. Death was nothing compared to the food they had to eat or so it has been said. Cleisthenes was inspired by ancient stories and myths.

Filling Out Study Guide

Today in Mr. Schick's West Civ class, we basically worked by ourselves on an assignment that Mr. Schick told us to do. The assignment was to start filling out the study guide for chapter 4 which was kind of weird because we have not even started chapter 4 but I guess it makes sense of you really think about it. Well that is basically all we did during class today because one person had to take the test that we took yesterday so we all just worked quietly.